The combination of advanced technology and archaeology has allowed the confirmation that rural areas in sub-Saharan West Africa were connected to intercontinental trade routes at least as far back as the seventh century AD (or CE). It has long been known that major urban centres along the Niger river were linked by trans-Sahara trade caravans to Europe and the Middle East. But now it is clear that rural areas in the region, in what is now Senegal and Mali, peripheral to the Niger river valley, ...
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